This report, funded by the Nationwide Foundation, identified the hidden costs that may arise when older BME people seek to retire abroad. Pension uprating is a key issue - many who have contributed to their state pension for over 40 years find that once they move abroad their pension is frozen rather than increasing every year with the cost-of-living. Other costs include those around housing, health and social security.

Such issues are particularly relevant to BME people; at the time of this report, most BME people over 65 in the UK were born abroad. Therefore, some may seek to 'return' to their country of birth but be unaware of the costs of return.